Dementia and Alzheimer’s are often used interchangeably, but these terms have distinct meanings. While Alzheimer’s is a specific disease, dementia encompasses a range of symptoms that affect memory, thinking, and social abilities. To provide appropriate care and support for residents or clients, you must know the difference between the two diseases and have foundational knowledge.

In this article, we clarify the distinctions between dementia and Alzheimer's, helping you better support individuals with either condition and improve the overall quality of care.

Key Differences Between Dementia and Alzheimers

Dementia is a syndrome with multiple potential causes, while Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia.

Symptoms of dementia vary based on the cause, whereas Alzheimer’s symptoms often begin with recent memory loss, which is followed by confusion and mood changes.

Dementia stems from different causes, but Alzheimer’s has specific genetic causes (having a gene called APOE-e4 can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s.)

To diagnose dementia, experts usually figure out the specific type (vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, or frontotemporal dementia) using cognitive tests, medical history, physical exams, and brain scans. As for Alzheimer's, the diagnosis is focused on identifying changes in the brain. These changes usually show up as a buildup of abnormal proteins.

What is Dementia?

Dementia is not a single disease but an umbrella term that describes symptoms affecting cognitive functions such as memory, communication, and reasoning. This condition arises from damage to brain cells, impacting how individuals process thoughts and memories. Dementia is caused by several diseases and conditions, including:

• Vascular Dementia often results from strokes or other issues that affect blood flow to the brain.

• Lewy Body Dementia gets its name from protein deposits known as Lewy bodies in the brain, leading to memory, movement, and cognitive impairments.

• Frontotemporal Dementia affects the front and side regions of the brain, often leading to personality and behavior changes.

Recognizing the types of dementia can help identify specific needs and challenges, making it easier to customize care plans.

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It makes up 60-80% of all dementia cases. It usually starts by affecting memory and gradually impacts language, thinking, and physical abilities. This condition slowly worsens over time. Unusual proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles build up in the brain, causing brain cells to die and shrink.

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s and its significant impact on memory and cognitive skills make it one of the most commonly recognized forms of dementia, and it often serves as a basis for broader discussions on dementia care.

Common Symptoms of Dementia and Alzheimer’s

While dementia and Alzheimer’s share many symptoms, they can manifest differently. Common symptoms across dementias include memory loss, confusion and disorientation, and difficulty in communicating.

Symptoms unique to Alzheimer’s include difficulty recalling recent events or conversations, changes in mood, and withdrawal from activities. Recognizing these nuances allows care teams to identify early signs and provide tailored interventions.

How to Care for Residents with Dementia and Alzheimers

Encourage families to support their loved ones with dementia and Alzheimer’s by actively communicating with staff to work together. You should also share more information to prepare families for changes. Provide access to support groups and other resources that can make the journey easier for your clients and their families.

To build a safe and supportive environment in your care facility, provide secure exits and labeled spaces that reduce confusion and anxiety. Also, ensure your staff is well-trained to handle challenging situations and provide them with ongoing support.

Offering activities that help maintain their self and connection can also improve their well-being. Consider activities like gardening, painting, karaoke, or reminiscing therapy that create moments of joy.